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| There is no rank hierarchy among females of a pride. All residents are acquainted and usually either mothers or siblings to one another. Whenever they meet they reaffirm their social ties with a ceremonial greeting such as body contact, head-butting and leaning on one another. Male offspring leave or are driven out about 3 years of age. These males, often brothers, form coalitions to hunt and scavenge together trying to gain the size necessary to take over a pride of their own. Two well-hidden lionesses keep an eye out for passing prey, above. | ||||||||||
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